What test is commonly used to screen newborns for hearing loss?

Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) testing is a widely recognized method for newborn hearing screening due to its effectiveness in detecting hearing impairments early in life. This test measures the sound waves produced by the inner ear's hair cells when they respond to auditory stimuli. If the hair cells are functioning normally, the OAE test will register echo-like responses, indicating that the hearing system is functioning well. This ability to provide immediate results makes OAE testing particularly suitable for newborns, who cannot participate in traditional testing methods.

Behavioral observation audiometry assesses a child’s responses to sounds, which is not practical for newborns as they are unable to actively participate in behavioral assessments. Tympanometry evaluates mobility of the eardrum and middle ear function, providing information on conditions like fluid in the ear but not directly assessing hearing sensitivity itself. Pure tone audiometry requires the subject to respond to tones and is typically used with older children and adults who can indicate when they hear sounds.

In summary, the utility of OAE testing in quickly and accurately screening newborns for potential hearing loss is why it is the standard approach in neonatal care settings.