Which cells are responsible for protecting and distinguishing sound frequencies in the inner ear?

Outer hair cells play a crucial role in the inner ear by amplifying sound vibrations and contributing to the frequency selectivity of hearing. These cells are motile and can change their shape in response to sound stimulation. This movement enhances the movement of the basilar membrane, allowing for more precise detection of specific frequencies.

In addition to their role in amplification, outer hair cells are essential for the transformation of sound waves into a neural signal. They help in sharpening the frequency response of the cochlea, which is necessary for distinguishing between different pitches of sound. Their ability to enhance soft sounds and distinguish between frequencies is vital for effective auditory perception, enabling individuals to discern various sound inputs in complex auditory environments.

While other cells in the inner ear, such as inner hair cells and supporting cells, have their own important functions, the outer hair cells are specifically known for their role in protecting and enhancing the auditory frequency range. Inner hair cells primarily serve as the transducers converting mechanical sound vibrations into neural signals, while supporting cells have roles in structural support and repair rather than sound frequency distinction. Cochlear cells is a more general term that does not specifically address the unique functions of the outer hair cells in the frequency discrimination process.